Grade 12 Physics

SPH4U is a Grade 12 university-preparation physics course that extends the study of classical physics with a strong emphasis on mathematical modelling, problem-solving, and laboratory investigation. Key topics include kinematics in two dimensions, dynamics, energy and momentum conservation, circular motion, gravitation, electric fields, and modern physics concepts such as quantum theory and nuclear physics. Students analyze complex physical systems using calculus-based reasoning (where applicable), graphs, and vector analysis. The course develops advanced scientific thinking, experimental design skills, and the ability to apply physics principles to real-world and technological contexts. SPH4U prepares students for post-secondary studies in physics, engineering, computer science, and related STEM fields.